The lithosphere refers to the rigid, outermost layer of the Earth's structure, encompassing the crust and a portion of the uppermost mantle. It is characterized by its solid and brittle nature, as well as its mechanical strength. The lithosphere is divided into several tectonic plates that float and move on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. These tectonic plates interact with one another at plate boundaries, leading to various geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the creation of mountain ranges. The lithosphere plays a crucial role in shaping the Earth's surface and influencing the dynamics of the planet's geology and tectonics.
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